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蒋玉骅 2020013307 第二章读后感：

Paradigms are theories created by one of the pre-paradigm schools. Though the author gives description rather than explanation of the arduous process of acquiring paradigms, we can conclude that when some theories are universally accepted, and can attract an enduring group of adherents away from competing modes of scientific activity, paradigms that prove able to guide the whole group’s research emerge all of a sudden.
 The emergence of a paradigm contributes to scientific inquiry in seven aspects. First, it makes both fact collection and theory articulation highly directed activities, so scientists no longer explore nature casually or at random. Second, it suggests which experiments will be worth performing so scientists are confident what they are studying is highly relevant. Third, the end of interschool debate ends the constant reiteration of fundamentals. The confidence that they are on the right track encouraged scientists to undertake more precise, esoteric, and consuming sorts of work. Fourth, it transforms a group previously interested merely in the study of nature into a profession or a discipline. Fifth, it marks the beginning of specific classification. Sixth, it creates advanced systems that improve effectiveness and efficiency, in particular, for esoteric work. Above all, it produces scientific community whose members push on to more concrete and recondite problems, and increasingly they report their results in articles addressed to other electricians.
Ultimately, the emergence of a paradigm is invariably followed by a truth boom, as truth emerges more readily from error than from confusion.
第三章读后感：
 Although paradigms have shown to be particularly revealing of the nature, the match between facts and theories is still imperfect, and scientists have to avoid approximations and obtain satisfactory agreements.
 To do this, they need to answer the following questions. First, how to conduct empirical works to articulate the paradigm? Second, what further explorations relative to theoretical works can they make to classify theoretical problems of normal science? Third, how to use existing theories to predict factual information of intrinsic value?
 All their efforts serve for the reformulation of a paradigm: to articulate the paradigm elegantly and logically in mathematics, which is both theoretical and experimental. The desire for acknowledgement and the ambition for fame ensure scientists to pursue the same goal. Driven by anthropic ultimate curiosity about the nature, they are committed to solve the problems after the acquisition of the paradigm. 

The problems always exist, as a successful paradigm is not, however, to be either completely successful with a single problem or notably successful with any large number.